Silo.



'B. P. LooKwoon,

SILO. APPLICATION FILED PEB;1,1908.

' Patented Nov. 16, v1909.

v3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

i .W I l B. F. LOGKWOOD.

sILo. j APPLIOATION FILED FEB.1, 1908.

Patented Nov. 16, 1909.

3 SHEETS-SHBET 2.

U Vw@ nto@ B. F. LOC 0D.

SIL

A APPLICATION FILED m1311903.

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BENJAMIN r.' Lockwoon, or LYoNs, NEW YORK.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, BEN-JAMin F. Loonivoon, a citizen of the United States, and resident. of Lyons,iny the county of Wayne, in the State of NewYork, have invented new and useful Improvements in Silos, of

which the following, taken in connectionr with the accompanying drawings, is a full, clear, and exact description.

` This invention relates to the class/of silos #which are composed of concfnete blocks.`

' ingthe hinge of one The main object of the present invention is to produce a silo which shall"v be stron'. and durable, and can be quickly erecte and at the same time shall be comparatively inexpensive. e

, Other objects of the invention will be a )parent from the novel details of construction hereinafter fully described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. v

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of a portion of the silo enibodying my improvements partly in section with, the roofand upper part of the body being broken away; Fig. 2 is a plan view, with parts broken away to show the roof formation; Fig. 3 isan enlarged transversesection on the dotted line -V-V- in Fig. Q; Fig. 4 is an enlarged transverse section on the dotted line WL-VV# in Fig. l showof the silo-doors, and of door-fastening; Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the dotted line X-*X- in Fig. '-1 showing more clearly the construction of the door-hinge; Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical section on the dotted line #Ye-Y# in Figi 1; Fig. (3a is a similar view showing the dowel-pins; Fig. 7 is an enlarged plan viewbl'of portion of a course ofy cement blocks; Fig. 8 is an enlarged horizontal sectinon the line Z-Z- inV Fig. 1; Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail end view of one of the blocks; Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail vertical sectional view'showing more clearly the means for anchoring the roof-to the bodyof the silo; and Fig. 11 is an enlarged perspective viewof' the outer end portion of one of the rafters.

Like numerals of vreference indicate like parts in the several views. /-1-1`- represent the concrete blocks forming the .body -2- of the silo and which are laid up in courses with broken joints. The said blocks are of rectangular shape and are molded with a curvature-so NVhen this iiuent cement.

Specification of Letters Patent. 'Y Patented NCW-` 16, 1909, Application led February 1, 1908. Serial No. 413,745.

as to produce a cylindrical body as clearly illustrated in Figs. 4, Tand 8 of the drawings. Each of tliesefblocks -1- is provided in its top surface with a groove extending lthe entire length. thereof and eo which Lp'refer to make substantially semiei/rcular in cross-section. On the bottom surface lof each block is formed a tongue ef also extending throughout its entire The tongues Li-4* of; each 65 length. course of blocks are preferably of segmental shape in cross-section and are adapted to enter the grooves -3-3- of the underlying course, so as to bear against the inner side portions of the grooves and present vertical walls (indicated at -5-5-) tothe opposite sides of the grooves as shown more Aclearly in Fig. 6. In the said grooves -3-3- are placed metal hoops -6-6- which firmly embrace the aforesaid vertical walls of the tongues and are embedded in cement as indicated at -7. rlhese hoops impart-strength and rigidity to the body of the silo and tend to resist outward strain incident to the pressure exerted by the ensilage which is heavily packed within. Each block is provided in one end face' with a vertical wedge-shaped groove -SJ- which' is adapted to interlock with a correspondingly shaped tongue -9- formed on the adja- 85 'cent end face of the abutting block. By providing these interlocking grooves and tongues. i3-8 -9-9-, the blocks can be quickly and accurately positioned and thus the work of laying up the courses is x greatly facilitated. The abutting end faces iii each coursel of blocks are provided .with coinciding vertical grooves -l0-10 whichare segmental in ClOSS-SeCtlOll SO S -3-3- as clearly illustrated in Figs. l, 7 8 and 9 of the drawings. After laying up to produce channels exvtending the entire depth of the courses Land lcommunicating with the aforesaid grooves each course of blocks, I prepare a iiuent cemi) ment and pour the same into the channels. becomes rmly set it forms a key (indicated at 10x-e) which aids in locking the blocks together, thus adding strength and rigidity to the body.

The body of the silo is provided with the usual openings 1l-i1- through which to remove the contents. These openings are equipped with doors -12--12- which are preferably formed from sheet metal. Said doors are supported by hinges so as to allow them to be swung' laterally. Esch of the hinges consists preferably of a metal plate `l3- fastened to the outer face of the door anl formed with an eye '-leiby which it Journaled on a. vertical stud-l5 formed on u'plute hlG secured to the body ofthe silo. The said plate is inserted into the body and is provided at its inner end with sn aperture 17H through which posses one of the hoops --ti* whereby the plate is securely fastened to the bony.

To the free end of the door pivoted a hitch-l ar --,-lS-- adapted to engage the 'well known notched plate -l9 secured to the body of the silo. This plate is held by the hoop -G-f substantially the saine as the plate hl6-y (not necessary to be shown).

I prefer to provide the silowith a conical roof which is composed essentially of concrete blocks m20-20-- arranged in series and supported upon radially disposed nietallic rafters -2l-2lconsisting of inverted T-bars. The said rafters rest with their lower portions upon s ring -22- laid upon the upper course of blocks -l--l-,

preferably composed of concrete and made in sections. und 'beveled'to conform to the pitch of the rafters as shown in Fig. l.

The rafters are secured to thesilo-body by means of vertical bolts *22h-23 which are inserted into the vchannels'in theupperrnost course of blocks --l-l` and are formed at their lower ends with eyes -Q4-4- through which passes the undei-lying,r hoop w64 es more clearly illustrated in Fig. l0 of the drmvings. B f this connection of the bolts to .the band, the seid bolts are firmly anchored in the silo-body.

rl`he upper screw-threaded end-portions of the anchor-bolts -23-25 are deiected outwardly 'et 1ight angles to the rafters -2l--2land pass through spertures -25-25- in the rafter, and to said threaded portions are 'applied nuts -26-26` as shown in Fig. l0.

To accommodate the anchor-bolts end nuts, I cut away portions of the T-bitrs or rafters as indicated at 27. The said rafters are deflected at their upper end portions into a horizontal plane as indicated at m28,--# und the deliected `portions are united by means of a metal ring -29- to which they are bolted or rivetedas represented at. -30- in F igs. l and 2 of the drawings.

each series are beveled so as to lap one uponl 1 j l l l l l i l l i l l I I g l i l l l l cient thickness to project slightly above the web-'portions of the T-bars or rafters so as to produce crevices. v These crevices are filled with cement which is subjected to the operation of a suitably shaped, tool so as to form battons*3S-33h which render the joints of the series of blocks airand Watertight as shown in Figs. 2 und 3 of the drawings.

At the apex of the roof is provided a. cap -fe-vvhich is preferably composed of concrete and is seated upon the aforesaid metal ring `L9-- The uppermost blocks of the series are designed to ebut against. the cap y -3-land in the joints of the blocks and cap is provid ed cement to effectuully exclude air and water.

It will be understood that the aforesaid reinforcing bands -63- are provided with the usuel end well known turn-buckles (not necessary to be shown) to draw the said hoops lirrnly against the tongues --l-4--.

To more securely lock the courses of concrete blocks `l-ltogether, I provide the.A i tops and bottoms of the blocks with coins' siding sockets -f-ifor the reception 9o of metal doWel-pins -.-363(i--. The said sockets are arranged in such position as to cause the pins to be engaged by the aforesaid hoops es shown-in F 6a and` Y of the drawings. The application of these dowel-pins to the blocks and the engagement of the hoops with seid pins adds ,greatly to the strength and rigidity of the structure.

At .the openings -'-ll--llof the silobody, the inner edges of the blocks '-l-l- 100 are beveled es indicated at -`37-, said beveled portions forming jambs for correspondingly beveled innerwooden doors 38-38- which uro designed to be held in place by the pressure of the ensilage.

ifi/"hat l claim as roy invention is:

l. The combination with e silo having' the body composed of concrete and provided with a series of openings, of hoops extendf ing across the top and bottom of cach open- 11o ing, and laterally swinging` doors for said openings, having hinges connected to said hoops as set forth.

2. The combination with a silo composed of .concrete and provided with :in opening 115 and having two embedded metal hoops extending across the top and bottoni of the opening, of a laterally swinging door supported by said hoops as set forth.

3. The combination with a silo composed 120 of'concrete and provided with au opening :and having two embedded metal hoops ex- 4. The combination with a silo having i3@ the body c omposed of concrete and provided with an opening, and having concealed metal reinforcing hoops extending therearound, two of said hoops passing across'the top and bottom of the opening respectively, of a door for said opening provided with a pair of hinges at one side of the opening, one member of the hinges extending into the silobody and fastened rigidly tothe hoops,.and the other hinge-members suitably fa'stened to the door, a catch-plate connected to al hoop, and a latch-bar pivoted to the door and adapted to engage said catch-plate as set forth.

5. rlhe combination with a silo having the body composed of concrete-blocks laid in courses and rovidedMith an opening ex tending the epth of twoecourses, the blocks of each course provided in their top faces with coinciding grooves forming concealed channels extending around the body, and reinforcing metal hoops disposed in said grooves, of a door provided with a pair of hinges fastened to the. hoop passingacross the top and bottom of the opening, as set forth.

6. The combination with a silo having the body composed of concrete-blocks -laid in courses and the courses provided With interlocking tongues and grooves, the silo-body provided with an opening extending the depth ofA two courses of blocks, and metal reinforcing-hoops disposed in said grooves and embracing the tongues, of a door provided With hinge-plates entering the silol body and provided with apertures for the.

reception of the hoops which pass across the top and'bottoin of the opening as set forth.

7. The combination with the cylindrical body composed of concrete and provided With an opening in its Wall, and having two embedded metal hoops extending respectively across the top and bottom of the opening, a door hinged to said hoops, and a roof anchored to the top hoop as set forth.

8. In a silo, the combination with a cyl1ndrical body composed of concrete blocks laid up in courses, the blocks of each course formed in their top faces with coinciding longitudinal grooves so as to produce concealed circumferential channels in the joints of the courses, the lower faces of said blocks being formed With coinciding longitudinal tongues occupying one-half of the channels of the blocks in the next course below and abutting the inner side portions thereof, of metal reinforcing'hoops formed -round in cross 'section and seated in the channels and disposed entirely beloW the joints so as to embrace the tongues and cement llings in said channels as set forth and shown.

9. In a silo, the combination with a cylin-v drical body composed of concrete blocks laid up in courses, the blocks of each course formed in their top faces with coinciding grooves so as to provide concealed circumferential channels in the joints, the lower faces of the blocks being formed With corresponding tongues occupying one-half of the channels of the blocks in the next course below and abutting the inner side portions of the channels, the blocks of the uppermost course having their adjacent end faces provided with coinciding vertical grooves to produce channels extending from the top to the adjacent circumferential channel, of a metal reinforcing hoop embedded in the latter channel -and embracing the tongues therein, and roof-anchoring bolts disposed in the aforesaid vertical channels and connected to the reinforcing hoop as set forth andshown.

BENJAMIN r. Looiiwoon, [n s] Witnesses:

J. J. LAAss,

G. Kaisrn. 

